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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•?
ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉืื‘ ื™ืงืจ ืขืจืš, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•: 1. ืชืงืŸ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช: ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืกืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ื“. ื ื–ื™ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. 2. ืงื— ืžืงืœื—ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืžืงืœื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช. ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื. 3. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืื˜ื, ืœื ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ: ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžื“ืจื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ืื˜ื ืื• ื‘ืžืคื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืคืกื•ืœืช. 4. ื”ื™ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”: ื”ืคืขืœ ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœืื”, ื•ื ืกื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉืงื•ืœ ื“ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. 5. ื”ืชืงื ืช ืืกืœื” ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”: ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืืกืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื“ื’ื ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืขื“ 5 ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื—ื”. 6. ื”ืฉืงื” ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”: ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืœืฃ ืื• ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืขื ื–ืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื. ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื• ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืกืคื’ ื‘ืื“ืžื”. 7. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื— ื›ืœื™ื: ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื“. ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœืš, ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœืš ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”.
ืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื•ืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื.
ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ืชื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืงืœื˜ ืื ื•ืฉื™. ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”.
ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืกืจื˜ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืงืœื˜ ืื ื•ืฉื™. ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืžืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืฆื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ?
ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืื•ืชื•. ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช: 1. ืชืงื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื: ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชืงื ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืงื ืกื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื. 2. ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช: ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืกืคืงืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช. 3. ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื”: ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ื•ืœืชืžืจืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—, ืฉืžืฉ ืื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. 4. ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ืง ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆืžื•. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. 5. ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืžืก ืื• ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื–ื” ืžืžืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. 6. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”ืŸ.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืืจื™ืช, ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื™ื“ืจื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื•ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืจื™ืคื”, ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ืœื. ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื”ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืœืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ืžื“ืช.
ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ืื™ืชื. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช. ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื: 1. **ืืชื—ื•ืœ**: ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืชื—ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. 2. **ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”**: ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืงืœื˜ ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื”. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืื™-ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื•ืช. 3. **ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ**: ื”ืคืœื˜ ืžื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืกื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืข. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ื”, ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื”. 4. **ืื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื”**: ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื. ืขื ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื”, ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช. ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, โ€‹โ€‹ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื•ืช, ืื• ืขืจืš ื”ืคืกื“ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืข.
ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ืžื•ื™ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืžืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื˜, ืขื ืขื ืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืžืช ืขืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืžื—ืœืงื” ืื• ืชื•ืฆืื” ื—ื–ื•ื™ื”. ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืจืงื•ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืช-ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื˜. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื• ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื”, ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื›ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืช-ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืžื—ืœืงื”, ืื• ืฉืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขืฅ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆื•ืžืช ืขืœื”, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืžื•ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื–ื•ื ืื• ืœืขื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืืžื” ื™ืชืจ ืื• ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืชื•.
ืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืืชืจื™ ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื•ืขื“ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืืชืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ื. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื–ื”, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช. ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื˜ืขื ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื ื”ื ื• ืžื”ื. ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืื—ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฆืขืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื ื•, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
1. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื. 2. ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”: ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ AI ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. 3. ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื”, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืœืงื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ื•ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. 4. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื”, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ. 5. ืคืจืกื•ื ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช: ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืจืชืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.
ืชืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
1. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื: ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ, ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช. 2. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืžืจืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื•ืœ, ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช. 3. ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื˜ืงืกื˜: ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืงืฆืืช ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื›ืžื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ ื•ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื, ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื›ื•'. 4. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื: ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื, ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆ'ืื˜ ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืžื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•
ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื—ื ื•ืช.
ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœื—ื ื•ืช. (ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ืจ)
ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ืฉืœ Python.
ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื—ืงื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขืจื›ืช if len(sys.argv) == 3: players = int(sys.argv[1]) games = int(sys.argv[2]): ืžืžื•ืฆืข = str( ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื / ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื) print("ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื™ื”: " + ืžืžื•ืฆืข)
ื™ืฉ ืฉื’ื™ืืช ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”: `games = int(sys.argv[2]):` ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื. ืื–, ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช: ``` ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขืจื›ืช if len(sys.argv) == 3: players = int(sys.argv[1]) games = int(sys.argv[2]) # ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข = ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื / ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื print("ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื™ื”: " + str(ืžืžื•ืฆืข)) ืึทื—ึตืจ: # ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื print("ืฉื’ื™ืื”: ืžืกืคืจ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™. ื ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื—ืงื•.") ``` ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืœื•ืง 'ืื', ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืจืง ืื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื–ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ื•ืกืคื” ื‘ืœื•ืง 'ืื—ืจ' ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื–ื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื.
ืงืจื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื‘ื ื•ื–ื™ื”ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฉืคื” ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
"ืœืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื"
ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฉืคื” ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื™ื "ืœืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื" ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื”, โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืฆืจื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื“ื ืœืขื•ืฃ ืžืฉื ืขื ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื”-x ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜.
f(x) = 2x + 1
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” f(x) = 2x + 1 ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื”-x, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืขืจื›ื™ ืงืœื˜ 'x' ื•ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืœื˜ 'y' ื”ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœื”ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ x ื•-y ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”. ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ x ื•-y: ``` x | -2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2 y | -3 | -1 | 1 | 3 | 5 ``` ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” f(x) = 2x + 1 ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ. ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื”, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 1 ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 'x', ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 'y' ื’ื“ืœ ื‘-2. ืœื›ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช (-2, -3), (-1 , -1), (0, 1), (1, 3) ื•- (2, 5) ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื•. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” f(x) = 2x + 1.
ืขืจื•ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ื”ืžืกื›ืžืช ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื.
ื“ื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™.
"ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™: ื–ืจื– ืœื›ืื•ืก ืืงืœื™ื ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™"
ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืกืคืง ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.
ื—ืคืฅ 1: ืืคืœ ื—ืคืฅ 2: ื›ืชื•ื
ืชืคื•ื— ื•ืชืคื•ื– ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืืš ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืœื™ืคื” ื—ืœืงื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืื“ื•ื, ื™ืจื•ืง ืื• ืฆื”ื•ื‘, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœืชืคื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืงืœื™ืคื” ืขื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืžืจืงื, ืฆื•ืจืชื ืขื’ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืืœื™ืคืกื” ื•ืฆื‘ืขื ื›ืชื•ื. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื–ืจืขื™ื, ืืš ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ืชืคื•ื— ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ืจืขื™ ื”ืชืคื•ื– ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ ื‘ืฉืจื•. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ืขื, ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืฅ ืœืžืชื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื˜ืขื ืžืขื˜ ื—ืžืฆืžืฅ.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ
ืœื ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื’ื” 920
ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“? ืื– ืืœ ืชื—ืคืฉ ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-Lenovo Yoga 920. ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ 2 ื‘-1 ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื“ืง. ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›-3 ืง"ื’, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื™ื“ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฆื’ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 13.9 ืื™ื ืฅ'. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืกืš ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜ ืื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื•ื”ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกืจื˜. ืชืฆื•ื’ืช ืžืกืš ื”ืžื’ืข ื‘-4K ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฆืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื•ืฉืœื ื”ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื–ืจืžืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื›ืกื” ื”ืžื ื•ืข, ื”-Lenovo Yoga 920 ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ Intel Core i7 ืžื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขื 8GB ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ RAM - ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืœื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื’ื ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขื SSD ืฉืœ 512GB ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ื–ืžื ื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช ืขื ืชืื•ืจื” ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืงืœื“ื” ื•ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื’ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ืœื ื•ื—. ืขื ื—ื™ื™ ืกื•ืœืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10 ืฉืขื•ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื˜ืขืŸ. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, Lenovo Yoga 920 ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช. ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ.
ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ 10 ืฆืžื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ 10 ืฆืžื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”: 1. ืคื•ื˜ื•ืก 2. ืฆืžื— ื ื—ืฉ 3. ZZ Plant 4. ืฆืžื— ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ 5. ืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœื•ื 6. ืžืคืขืœ ื’ื•ืžื™ 7. ืืœื•ื•ืจื” 8. ืงืงื˜ื•ืก 9. ืกื•ืงื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื 10. ื™ืจื•ืง ืขื“ ืกื™ื ื™
ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
ืคืขื ื’ืจื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉื’ืจื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื”, ืฉืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื”, ื’ืจื” ืขื ืกื‘ืชื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื’' ืงืฉ ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ื›ืคืจ. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ืขืœื™ื–ื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื•ื˜ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื”. ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืžื•ื— ืกืงืจืŸ ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ืฉื. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืกื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžื” ื—ืœืชื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ืืžื” ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืœื‘ื“ื”, ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืกื‘ืชื”. ื›ืฉื”ืขื–ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืขืจ, ืืžื” ื ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืงืจื—ืช ื™ืขืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืืชื”. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงืจื—ืช ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขืฅ ืขืชื™ืง, ืขื ืคื™ื• ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื—ื™ ื‘ืจ, โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืžืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื—ื”. ื›ืฉืืžื” ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื” ืœืขืฅ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื–ืจ. ื”ืขืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื–ื–, ืขื ืคื™ื• ืžืจืฉืจืฉื™ื ื•ืจื•ืขื“ื™ื. ืœืคืชืข, ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื ืื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืจืš ืืช ืืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš. ื”ืกื ืื™ ืืžืจ ืœืืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืคื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื” ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื”. ืืžื”, ืืกื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืขื–ืจืชื•, ืขืงื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกื ืื™ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืกืคืช ืืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš. ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ืœื›ืคืจ, ืกื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช. ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ืžืจืคื ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืžื”ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ื—ื”. ืืžื” ื”ื•ื›ืชืจื” ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื—ื’ื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ. ืžืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืืžื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื•ื˜ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงืกื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื“ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื”, ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืชืช ื™ื“ ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ื•ื”ืกื ืื™ ื”ืคืš ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื”, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื” ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื” ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืขืจ. ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
ื”ืฆืข ืฉื ืงื™ื ื•ื— ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืกื•ืคืงื•
ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืชื•ืชื™ื, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืžืงื“ืžื™ื”
ืงื™ื ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืชื•ืชื™ื ื•ืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืžืงื“ืžื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืจื "ืคื™ื ื•ืง ืžืงื“ืžื™ื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“-ืชื•ืช".
ืฆื•ืจ ืกืœื•ื’ืŸ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื ืชื•ืŸ
ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื
"ืชื—ื•ื•ื” ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ื, ืขื ืืžื–ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื."
ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื™ืœืชื” ื‘-SQL ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื ืชื•ื ื”
ืื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” 'ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช'
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” 'ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช', ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืื™ืœืชืช SQL ื”ื‘ืื”: ``` sql ื‘ื—ืจ * ืžืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช; ```
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ
ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช
ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื•ืื™ืก ืงืจื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1865. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ืก, ืฉื ื•ืคืœืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื ื‘ ืœืชื•ืš ืขื•ืœื ืคื ื˜ืกื˜ื™ ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื™ื. ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืžื”ืกืคืจ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช: 1. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื ืขืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ืก, ืฉืกืงืจื ื•ืชื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื ื‘ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื ื‘. 2. ืืœื™ืก ืžื’ืœื” ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™, ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. 3. ืขื•ืœื ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช ื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžื–ื’ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืงืจื•ืงื˜. 4. ืœืืœื™ืก ื™ืฉ ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื”, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืชื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืคืช ื•ืžืฉื—ืง ืงืจื•ืงื˜ ืขื ืคืœืžื™ื ื’ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืคืœื˜ื™ื. 5. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. 6. ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืœื™ืก ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืžื”, ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืคืจื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื”. 7. ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืžื–'ืื ืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืืœืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืกื•ืคืง
ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื”
ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžืคืœืก ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
ืกื›ืžื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ "ื’ื˜ืกื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ืžืืช ืค. ืกืงื•ื˜ ืคื™ืฆื’'ืจืœื“.
ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ "ื’ื˜ืกื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ืžืืช ืค. ืกืงื•ื˜ ืคื™ืฆื’'ืจืœื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืงื“ื ืก ื•ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื’'ืื–, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืžืง ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืงืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืืคืชื ื•ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ื ื“ื•ื ื”, ืžื•ืชื— ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื”ื—ืœื•ืœื” ืื—ืจ ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ืžืขืžื“, ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”.
ืœืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช.
ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื—ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช: 1. **ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“:** ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื•. 2. **ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื—ื–ืงื”:** ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’ ื—ื–ืงื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืฆืคื•ืฃ. ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืœื•ื’ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—, ืฉื•ืจืช ืชื™ื•ื’ ื•ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™. ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ ืขื ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉืช. 3. **ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช:** ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ (SEO) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ. 4. **ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื:** ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช. ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืขื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื. ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืฅ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื. 5. **ื”ืฆืข ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื:** ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ื•ืœืกืคืง ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื—ื™ื ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืช ืงื•ื ื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืกื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื”.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
ืคืกื˜ื”, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฆืœ ืื“ื•ื, ืฉื•ื.
ืืจื•ื—ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืกื˜ื”, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฆืœ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ื ืคืกื˜ื” ืขื ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื” ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”: ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: - 8 ื’ืจื ืคืกื˜ื” - 3 ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื—ืชื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืงื•ืคืกืช ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ 14.5 ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืชื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช - 1 ื‘ืฆืœ ืื“ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื—ืชื•ืš ืœืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช - 2-3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื, ืงืฆื•ืฆื•ืช - 1 ื›ืฃ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช - ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื - ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื™ ืœืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ (ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื”) ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช: 1. ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื”ืคืกื˜ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืืจื™ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืœ ื“ื ื˜ื”. ืžืกื ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“. 2. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืคืกื˜ื” ืžืชื‘ืฉืœืช ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื ื”ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš, ื›-3-4 ื“ืงื•ืช. 3. ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ืืช ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื. 4. ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ืฉืœ ื›-10-15 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืžืกืžื™ืš ื•ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืชืžื–ื’ื™ื. 5. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื˜ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ืคืกื˜ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื‘. 6. ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื˜ื” ืขื ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื, ืžืขื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ื–ื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื˜ืจื™ ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ืชื”ื ื”!
ืžืฆื ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™.
1. ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื”: ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื” ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™. ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžืื•ืžืŸ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืขืกืงื” ื›ืชืจืžื™ืช ืื• ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื›ื•ื, ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื”. 2. ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ: ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืืจ ื–ื‘ืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžืื•ืžืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื›ืกืคืื ืื• ืœื ื›ืกืคืื. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื— ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ, ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื•.
ืคืชื— ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ื ืข ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฆื“ืงื”.
ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš ืื• ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืชื’ืžืœืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื: 1. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™: ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื• ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœืš, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”. ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืกืคืง ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืกื”, ืกื™ื•ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”. ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ืืžืช. 2. ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœืš: ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืฉื ืชื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœืš ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ. 3. ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืœืš: ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืงืคื“ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. 4. ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื: ื›ืฉืืชื” ืชื•ืจื ืœืฆื“ืงื”, ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื ืชื™ื ื”, ืืชื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ืš, ืžืฉืคื—ืชืš ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœืš ืœืชืจื•ื ื’ื ื”ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœืš. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื“ื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื™ื ื”. ืื– ื‘ื—ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ืš ื•ืชืจื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื - ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืš.
ื”ืฆืข ื—ืžืฉ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืœื”ืฉืงืช ืžื•ืฆืจ.
ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืช ืžื•ืฆืจ: 1. ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื: ื—ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืื• ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœืš. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืกื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘. 2. ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ: ืฉืœื— ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืœืคืชื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืขื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. 3. ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช: ื”ืคืขืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ื•ืชื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืš ืœื›ืžื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ. ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื–ื– ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. 4. ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืื• ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื. ืฉืชืฃ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืขืจืš ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. 5. ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื: ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืื“ืก, ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื›ื. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืชืง ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืžืฉื›ื ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœืš.
ืชืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืขืจื›ื™ ืงืœื˜ ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื?
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืขืจื›ื™ ืงืœื˜ ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืื ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืื• ืœื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื, ืจืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ืžืกืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื•' ื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืขืจื›ื™ ืงืœื˜ ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื—ื•ืœื” ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืื• ืœื ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื”. ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื”.
ื”ืžืจ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜
ืชืคื•ื—, ื‘ื ื ื”, ืชืคื•ื–
"ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืคื•ื—, ื‘ื ื ื” ื•ืชืคื•ื–".
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื
ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืชืงืคื”
ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ
ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืงื•ืื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื”, ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”, ืืš ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืœื™ืขื”, ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ืง ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ. .
ืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื‘ื
ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจื— ืžืื– 1969. ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื, ื”ืกื™ืขื• ืจื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ืจื— ื•ืืกืคื• ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช.
I. ื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ืจื— ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื' ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-1969 ื‘.ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื™ืจื— ื’. ื ื”ื™ื’ืช ืจื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื“. ืื•ืกืฃ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื—.
ืชืืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืš
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืคื™ื–ื™, ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืขื™ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืœื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืขื™ืจ ืชืจืฆื” ืฉืืชืืจ?
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืคืกืงื” ื”ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื“ื
ืฉื: ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืื•ื”ื‘: ืกืจื˜ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืื•ื›ืœ ืฆืจืคืชื™, ื ืœื”ื‘ ืœืขืกืงื™ื
ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื“ื ื ืžืจืฅ ื•ืฉืืคืชืŸ ืขื ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืกืจื˜ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืžืขื ื’. ื”ื™ื ื ืœื”ื‘ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืืคืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืงื ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ ืคื ืื™, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื–ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืกืจื˜ื™ ื”ืืงืฉืŸ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืื• ืžืชืขื ื’ืช ืขืœ ืžืขื“ื ื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื. ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื” ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ 3 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
1. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ. 2. ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืชื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื”, ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื”. 3. ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช: ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืฆ'ืื˜ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื›ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช 24/7, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.
ื”ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื•ืจืžื˜ ISO 8601
25 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2020
ื”ืชืืจื™ืš 25 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ISO 8601 ื”ื•ื 2020-11-25.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช C++ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช
ื”ื ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื‘-C++: ```cpp #include<iostream> ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืช std; class Node { ืคึผื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึผึตื™: int ื ืชื•ื ื™ื; ืฆื•ืžืช* ื”ื‘ื; Node(int d) { ื ืชื•ื ื™ื = ื“; next = NULL; } }; class LinkedList { ืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™: ืจืืฉ ืฆื•ืžืช*; ืคึผื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึผึตื™: ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช() { head = NULL; } void add(int d) { if (head == NULL) { head = new Node(d); ืœึทื—ึฒื–ื•ึนืจ; } Node* temp = ืจืืฉ; while (temp->next != NULL) { temp = temp->ื”ื‘ื; } temp->next = new Node(d); ืœึทื—ึฒื–ื•ึนืจ; } void print() { Node* temp = ืจืืฉ; while (temp != NULL) { cout << temp->ื ืชื•ื ื™ื << " "; temp = temp->ื”ื‘ื; } cout << "\n"; } void remove(int d) { if (head == NULL) return; Node* temp = ืจืืฉ; if (head->data == d) { ืจืืฉ = ืจืืฉ->ื”ื‘ื; ืžื—ืง ื˜ืžืค'; ืœึทื—ึฒื–ื•ึนืจ; } while (temp->next != NULL && temp->next->data != d) { temp = temp->ื”ื‘ื; } if (temp->next == NULL) return; Node* to_remove = temp->next; temp->next = temp->next->next; ืžื—ืง to_remove; ืœึทื—ึฒื–ื•ึนืจ; } }; ```
ืฆื•ืจ ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ืชื•ืŸ
ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ Secure Digital ื”ื•ื SD.
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื ืชื•ื ื”
ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืงื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ 4N ื•-6N ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
ืื ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 4N ื•-6N ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื–ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืงื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”: ื›ื•ื— ื ื˜ื• = F1 + F2 ื›ืืฉืจ F1 = 4N ื•-F2 = 6N ืื–, ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื: ื›ื•ื— ื ื˜ื• = 4N + 6N = 10N ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ 4N ื•-6N ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืงื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื ื™ื”ื™ื” 10N.
ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื ืชื•ืŸ
ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง
1. ื”ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ 2. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช 3. ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืžื•ืชื’ 4. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื 5. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžื•ืชื’ 6. ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ (SEO) ืœื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืืชืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ 7. ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื 8. ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”-ROI ืฉืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœืš 9. ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง: ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช 10. ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื.
ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืชื•ื ื”
ืžืœื‘ืŸ ืขื ืจื•ื—ื‘ 5 ืก"ืž ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” 10 ืก"ืž
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืžืœื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืขื ืจื•ื—ื‘ 5 ืก"ืž ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” 10 ืก"ืž ื”ื•ื: ืฉื˜ื— = ืจื•ื—ื‘ ร— ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื˜ื— = 5 ืก"ืž ร— 10 ืก"ืž ืฉื˜ื— = 50 ืก"ืž ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื 50 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
ื ื—ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื ืชื•ืŸ
3, 5, 7, 9, __
ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ 3, 5, 7, 9, __ ื™ื”ื™ื” 11.
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ื ืชื•ืŸ
ืžื‘ืจื’
1. ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ืื• ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืจื’ื™ื 2. ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ 3. ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžื›ืกื™ื ืื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ื™ื 4. ื”ืกืจืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื’ื™ื ืื• ืžื›ืกื™ ืฉืงืขื™ื 5. ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื• ื’ื™ืจื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืข, ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืื• ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื 6. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฅ ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ืก 7. ื‘ืจื’ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืื• ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื 8. ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื’ื™ื 9. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืื• ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช 10. ื›ืžื ื•ืฃ ืžืื•ืœืชืจ ืื• ืœื—ื˜ื˜ ืœืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช.
ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืคืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ื ืชื•ืŸ
ื›ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("ืฉืœื•ื, ืขื•ืœื"); } }
ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื”: ืฉืœื•ื ืขื•ืœื
ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื›ื“ืขื” ืื• ื›ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ืœืคืจื•ืก ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
ืžื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™?
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื”. ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ. ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ืœืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ. ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื•ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืขื ืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ. ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืžื™ื™ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœื ืžืขืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื, ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœืš, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชืš ืงืฉืจ ืื• ืœืืžืช ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชืš. ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช.
ื–ื”ื” ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ.
ืชืืจื™ืš: 10 ื‘ืžืื™ ืขื“ 1 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™: - ืกืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ - ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ - ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”
ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื: 1. ืกืคืจื™ื ื˜ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ 2. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ 3. ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™.
ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืฉืœื•.
ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืฉืœื•.
ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืจืื” ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ.
ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื ื“ื—ืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืœื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, 1 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ.
โš ๏ธ ื”ืชืจืื”! ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื ื“ื—ืชื”! ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, 1 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ. โš ๏ธ
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉืืœื” ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก โ€‹โ€‹ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ?
ื ืกื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจืช.
ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืขืงื‘ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื•.
ืกืคืจ ืœื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื’ื“ืœ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืจื›ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื”. ืขืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ: ื–ืจืขื™ื, ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื, ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืื•ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื—ืจ ืื“ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืฉืžืฉ ืื• ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืงืคื“ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœื—ื” ืืš ืœื ืกืคื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 6 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื›ืš ืฉืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงืฆืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื ืงืฆืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืขืจื›ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ 20 ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื.
ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ 20 ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื: 1. ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืžื™ (GDP) 2. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื” 3. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” 4. ืžื“ื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ (CPI) 5. ืžื“ื“ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ (PPI) 6. ืžืื–ืŸ ืžืกื—ืจ 7. ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช 8. ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช 9. ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื 10. ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ื•ืช 11. ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ 12. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ 13. ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ 14. ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช 15. ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื 16. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช 17. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช 18. ืฉืขืจื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ 19. ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข 20. ื™ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ "ื‘ื•ื‘ ื’ืจ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•" ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืคืกื™ื‘ื™.
ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื’ืจ ื‘ื•ื‘.
ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
ืœื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืงืจื— ื•ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืก, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืžืคืœืก ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืžืžื™ื, ื”ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื’ื ืชื•ืจื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื. ืœืคื™ NOAA, ืžืคืœืก ื”ื™ื ืขืœื• ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื›-1.8 ืž"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืื– 1880, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื’ื“ืœ ืœ-3.2 ืž"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉืจื™ืคืช ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื’ื–ื™ ื—ืžืžื” ื”ืœื•ื›ื“ื™ื ื—ื•ื ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžืคืœืก ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ืฉื—ื™ืงืช ื—ื•ืคื™ื, ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืžื™ ืžืœื— ืœืžื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ื. ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉื•ืœื™ ืกืขืจื” ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืคืœืก ื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืžืกืช ื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืงืจื— ื•ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืชืจืžื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื™ื.
ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืกืžืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ.
ื”ืกืžืœ ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื Ag.
ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš.
ืžื•ื ื” ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื™ืžืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืชืžืงื“ื” ื‘ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืกืฆื ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื. ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืคืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื, ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืชื™ืืจื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข. ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืคื•ืกื˜-ืื™ืžืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืขื‘ื” ื•ื”ืื™ืžืคืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื ื•ืขื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืกื•ืช. ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ื›ืœืœื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกืฆื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื˜ื‘ืข ื“ื•ืžื ื•ื ื•ืคื™ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืจื’ืฉ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื•ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ืžื›ื—ื•ืœ. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื”, ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื’ื ืžื•ื ื” ื•ื’ื ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืชื ื”ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืจื™ื—ืช ืฆื‘ืข ืขื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื ื•ืขื–ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื. ื”ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืข, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื•ืืŸ ื’ื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ืžื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื’ืฉ ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืื• ืžืจื•ื›ื‘.
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ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืกืคืจ.
ืœืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื? ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื.
ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื›ืžื• ืขื ืŸ ืฉืฆืฃ ืขืœ ืขืžืงื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช, ื›ืฉื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืจืื™ืชื™ ืงื”ืœ, ืฉืœืœ, ืฉืœ ื ืจืงื™ืกื™ื ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื™ื II. ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช ืืงืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช ืžืชืคืจืฆืช ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื™ ืžื•ื—ื™, ืœื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื ื”ืžืชื•ืง ื•ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื III. ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช; ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื ืฉืœื”, ืขื ื”ื“ืฉื ื”ืงืจ-ื—ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ืชื—ืช ื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš IV. ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•, ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื‘ื™, ื•ืชื ื•ื—ื•; ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื, ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื ืจืื” ืฉืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ ืฉืกื•ืคืงื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืืกื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”. ืฉื™ืจื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืจื’ืฉ, ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ื ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข. ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืฉืจ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื• ืฉืœื•ื•ื”.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจ.
ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”.
ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ: ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืขื ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืื“ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื•ืจื— ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืคืชื’ื "ืชืคืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืฆื™ืœ ืชืฉืข".
"ื”ืžื ื™ืขื” ืขื“ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื”." ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• "ืชืคืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืกืš ืชืฉืข", ื”ืื™ืžืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžืฅ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ.
ืฆื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ 500 ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืช.
ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื’'ืง. ื’'ืง ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื ืกืข ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื’'ืง ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืื” ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื’'ืง ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื’'ืง ื ืกืข ืœืขื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืžืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื•ืชื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื›ืฉื™ืจื“ ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื•ืœืงื— ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก. ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœืœื ื—ืคืฆื™ื•. ืœืžื—ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื’'ืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืขืžื•ืกื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืžื” ื‘ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืกืก ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื• ืืช ื’'ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฉ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืจื‘ ืžื–ืžื ื• ืฉื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื’'ืง ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœ. ื”ื•ื ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืคืืจืงื™ื ื™ืคื™ื, ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื. ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื’'ืง ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืคืœื ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื’'ืง ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืกืคืกืœ ืขื ืžืคื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืœ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืงืกืžื”. ื’'ืง ื—ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื. ื›ืฉื’'ืง ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืœื ืžืฉื ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื, ื’'ืง ื’ื™ืœื” ื—ืœืง ืžืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื•. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื• ืฉื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืืจืง ืื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื–ืจ. ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื’'ืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ืื˜ ื•ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’'ืง ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืกืก ื•ื™ืคื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื•
ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื˜ืืคื•ืจื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”.
ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ, ื–ื•ืจื— ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืกืขืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื ื—ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงืจืืช ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืขืœื• ืกื™ืกืžื” ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื”.
"ืกืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืš, ื”ื•ืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื, ื—ื‘ืง ื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื”."
ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช ืœืžื™ืœื” 'ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ'?
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
ืกืคืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืงื•. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืž-1 ืขื“ 9, ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ืœื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื•ื”ืกืงืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ืžืกืจ.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ 3-4 ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
ืžืชื–ืžืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืง ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืงืœื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื–ืžื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช, ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื–ืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืื• ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืชื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืชื—, ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
ื–ื”ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื”-k-nearest neighbours, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื•ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช. ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ืืช 'k' ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืื• ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืืฉืจืื™.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืฉื•ื—ื—'.
ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”.
ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื—ื— ืื™ืชื”.
ืžื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”?
Clustering ื”ื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื, ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื•ื•ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืคืœื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื“ื—ื™ืกืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. Clustering ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืงืจื ื™, ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ืขื•ื‘ื“.
ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช, ืœื—ืœืฅ ื•ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื˜ืข ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ืช, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืœืงื•ื—. ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช: "ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื”, ื ืงื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ." ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื•, ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžืคืจืง ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื—ืœืงื™ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ื›ืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ื›ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™, ื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ ืื• ืฉืœื™ืœื™. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš: "ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื”," - ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ "ื ืงื™ ืžืื•ื“" - ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ "ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื," - ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ "ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”" - ืฉืœื™ืœื™ "ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ." - ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืงื™ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 1+ (3 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื - 2 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื). ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืงืœื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ืžืกืคืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
ืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื. ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืžืกื•ืคืง ืขื ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืงืœื˜-ืคืœื˜ ืื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื•ื”ืคืœื˜, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืคื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื ืœืคืœื˜ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช: ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื•ืจื’ืจืกื™ื”. ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืื• ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจื’ืจืกื™ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืขืจืš ืžืชืžืฉืš. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื”. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™.
ืชืืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ GPT ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
GPT, ืื• Generative Pre-trained Transformer, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืœื”ืคืงืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ GPT ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื˜ืงืกื˜: 1. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ GPT ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื“ื’ื ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื’ืžื™ GPT ื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื, ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. 2. ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื“ื’ื ืžืชืื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ. ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืฉืคื˜, ืคืกืงื” ืื• ื›ืžื” ืคืกืงืื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™. ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืช. 3. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜, ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”-GPT ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜, ืžืคืจืง ืื•ืชื• ืœืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžืžืคื” ื›ืœ ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืš ื”ืฉืœื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ. 4. ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”-GPT, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืงืœื˜ ื“ืจืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืžื•ืขืจืžืช ื•ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื ื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”. ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืขืžื“ื”. 5. ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช, ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืคืขื ื•ื— ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ื ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงืจืŸ, ืขื ืจืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืžืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงืœื˜. 6. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืื•ืจืš ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืื• ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื”. ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืคื•ืขื ื— ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื™ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช. 7. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”-GPT ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืกืคืง ืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืชืคื•ืงื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื”. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืจื‘ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ GPT ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื“ื™ืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืงื•ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืขื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
ืกืคืง ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Siri ืื• Alexa. ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ื›ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืขื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœืš, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœืš ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชืš. ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ื”ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืคื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
ืชืŸ ืฉื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช.
ื›ืœื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ืช Robotic Process Automation (RPA), ื›ื’ื•ืŸ UiPath, Blue Prism ืื• Automation Anywhere.
ืชืืจ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช, ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš, ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืกืง ืื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื: 1. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ. 2. ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ืœืื—ืจ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืจืžืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื•. 3. ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืชื. ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. 4. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื: ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. 5. ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืกืงื™ืจื”: ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื. ื–ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื ืชื•ืŸ.
int array[] = {8, 3, 5, 9, 3, 1, 5};
ื”ื ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ: ```ื’ #include <stdio.h> int findMaximum(int array[], int numElements) { int max = array[0]; for (int i = 1; i < numElements; i++) { if (ืžืขืจืš[i] > ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื) { max = array[i]; } } ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื; } int main() { int array[] = {8, 3, 5, 9, 3, 1, 5}; int numElements = sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]); int max = findMaximum(array, numElements ); printf("ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื %d.", max); ื”ื—ื–ืจ 0; } ``` ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื• ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฉื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื: ื”ืžืขืจืš ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืืชื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” 'max' ืขื ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจืš. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืœืื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืืจ ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืขื ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ `max`. ืื ืืœืžื ื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”-'max' ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 'max' ืขื ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืจืš.
ืžื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”?
ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ. ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ: 1. ื”ืชื—ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš: ื—ื™ื•ืš ื—ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื’ืชืš. 2. ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”: ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, "ืฉืœื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื" ืื• "ื‘ื•ืงืจ/ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื/ืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ื•ืœื". 3. ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื: ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืกืคืงื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื›ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, "ืฉืžื™ ื’'ื•ืŸ ืกืžื™ืช', ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช". 4. ืฉืชืฃ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ืื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจ, ืฉืชืฃ ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืฉืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื• ืœืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ ืื™ืฉื™, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืžื›ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืขื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. 5. ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื, ื“ืื’ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืชื ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืจื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื. 6. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ: ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฉืคืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืจืชืง. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืœืชืช ืœืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื–ืจื•ื—.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ.
ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ = 24$ ื›ืžื•ืช = 3 ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— = 8$
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืคืœืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืžื ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—. ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื”ื™ื”: ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช = (ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ร— ื›ืžื•ืช) + ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืงืœื˜, ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื”ื™ื”: ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช = (24 ร— 3) + 8 ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช = $80
ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืขืกืงื™?
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื, ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง, ื•ืžื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื—. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื“ื•ื— ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืงืœ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
ื‘ื ื” ืฉืื™ืœืชื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื” 'ืžื—ื™ืจ' ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž-$100.
ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฉืื™ืœืชืช SQL ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ืขืจืš ื”'ืžื—ื™ืจ' ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž-100 ื“ื•ืœืจ: ``` SQL ื‘ื—ืจ * FROM table_name ืžื—ื™ืจ WHERE > 100; ``` ืฉืื™ืœืชื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ `SELECT` ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช (`*`) ืžื˜ื‘ืœืช `table_name`, ื•ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ `WHERE` ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืจืš ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื” `ืžื—ื™ืจ` ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืž-100 ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘- ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”. ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช 'ืฉื_ื˜ื‘ืœื”' ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืฉืื™ืœืชื”.
ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื ื ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืคื ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜: 1. **ืื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ:** ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืชื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืขื ืชืคื•ื’ื” ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช. 2. **ื”ืฆืคื ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื:** ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืฉื™ ืžื–ื”ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช) ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืคื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”. 3. **ื”ื’ื ืช ื—ื•ืžืช ืืฉ:** ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืืฉ ื ืคืจืกื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืžืจืืฉ. 4. **ื‘ืงืจืช ื’ื™ืฉื”:** ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืงืจืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืง ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื. 5. **ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช:** ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืคืจืฆื•ืช. ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ืจื”. 6. **ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื—ื“ื™ืจื•ืช:** ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื• ืœื—ืกื•ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื”. 7. **ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื•ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื:** ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืžืืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. 8. **ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืื™ืžื•ืช:** ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ืžื™ื“ืข. 9. **ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ:** ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžืขืช ืœืขืช. 10. **ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ื”:** ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื“ืง ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื ื•ื—ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืชื™ืฉืืจ ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื”.
ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื”: 1. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช: ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’, ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”, ืืช ื”ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื. 2. ืงื‘ืขื• ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™: ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืจื• ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื›ื. ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉืจืช ืœืงื•ื—, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื. 3. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื“ื’ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™, ื–ื”ื” ื•ื“ื’ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื•ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื˜ืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช. 4. ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืžืžืฉืงื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื“ืจื›ื ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืชืงืฉืจื• ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื”. ืžืžืฉืง ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืœื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. 5. ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืœื•ืช: ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืœื•ื›ื“ืช. ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื. 6. ื”ืงืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืชื•ื—: ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืžืงื“ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื™ื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ืจื™ื–ื”, ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืกืคืงื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื ืข ืžื‘ื—ืŸ. 7. ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื: ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืชื™ืขื“ ืืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช, ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื•ืชืœื•ืช. ื–ื” ื™ืกืคืง ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืœื”, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืงืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื ื”.
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื” ืžื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
2, 3, 5, 8, 6, 4
ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื™ื ืช: `2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8`
ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ?
ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ. ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืขื˜, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ Gmail: 1. ืคืชื— ืืช Gmail ื•ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ "ื›ืชื•ื‘" ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ. 2. ืžืœื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ืช ืื• ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื. 3. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ืœื ื•ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ื”ืœื›ื”, ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. 4. ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” "ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช". 5. ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฆืฆื”, ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืฉืžื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช". 6. ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืฉืžื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”" ื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืฉื. 7. ื›ืขืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื ืฉืžืจืช, ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžื™ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” "ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช" ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ Outlook: 1. ืคืชื— ืืช Outlook ื•ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ "ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ. 2. ืžืœื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ืช ืื• ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื. 3. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ืœื ื•ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ื”ืœื›ื”, ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืงื•ื‘ืฅ" ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” 4. ืžื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื ืคืชื—, ื‘ื—ืจ "ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื" ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืชืจืฆื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช. 5. ืชื—ืช "ืฉืžื•ืจ ื›ืกื•ื’", ื‘ื—ืจ "ืชื‘ื ื™ืช Outlook". 6. ืชืŸ ืœืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืฉื ื•ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ืฉืžื•ืจ". 7. ื›ืขืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื ืฉืžืจืช, ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ "ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื" ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช "ื‘ื™ืช" ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘"ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื". ืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ "ื‘ื—ืจ ื˜ื•ืคืก" ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจืช. ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ Gmail ื•-Outlook. ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืื—ืจ, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื“ืฃ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”.
ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืขื ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 5 ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 10.
ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ: ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื˜ = ฯ€r(r + l) ืื™ืคื”: r ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื˜ l ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืคื™ืชื’ื•ืจืก: l = โˆš(rยฒ + hยฒ) l = โˆš(5ยฒ + 10ยฒ) l = โˆš(25 + 100) l = โˆš(125) l โ‰ˆ 11.18 ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื˜: ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื = ฯ€r(r + l) ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื = ฯ€(5)(5 + 11.18) ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื = ฯ€(5)(16.18) ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื โ‰ˆ 254.5 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก 5 ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” 10 ื”ื•ื ื›-254.5 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื•ืช.
ืคืชื— ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”.
1. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื•ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ. 2. ื—ืฆื• ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”: ืงื— ืืช ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ. 3. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ืฉืคื•ื˜ ืื ื”ืืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืชื•ืื ืœืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, 1. ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”. 2. ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชืืžื”, ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”. 4. ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”. 5. ืื ืขื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืชืืžื”, ืื– ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืื– ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื. 6. ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื. *ื”ืขืจื”: ื–ื”ื• ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืœื™ื ื™ืืจื™ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื™ืฉื ื ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ ื•ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืžื•ื™ื ืช ืžืจืืฉ.
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ืฉืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืืžืจ.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
"ื”ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉ-90% ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช? ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขืฆืžืš, ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœืฉืงื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœืš! ๐Ÿง˜โ€โ™‚๏ธ๐Ÿ’†โ€ โ™€๏ธ #ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™"
ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžืจ.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
ื“ืžื•ืช 1: ื”ื™ื™, ื”ืื ืจืื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™? ื“ืžื•ืช 2: ืœื, ืžื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”? ืชื• 1: ื–ื” ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื• 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื“ืžื•ืช 2: ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื. ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื. ื“ืžื•ืช 1: ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช. ื“ืžื•ืช 2: ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื“ืžื•ืช 1: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกืงื” ืœืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’
ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 2022 ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ื”-22 ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืค"ื. ื”ื•ื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-20 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืœ-18 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2022. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™, ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืืกื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ 2002 ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืคืŸ .
"ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืชืจื’ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘-2022? ื–ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ื”-22 ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืžืคื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืืจ, ืžื”-20 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืขื“ ื”-18 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2022. ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™! ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืืกื™ื”, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ ื‘-2002 ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืคืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืืชื” ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘?"
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ 5 ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
1. ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ: ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื›ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™. 2. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”: ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืื• ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื”. 3. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ืช: ื—ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉืชืคื• ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืชื”. 4. ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื—ืงืจ: ื”ื ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ื™ื ื•ืง. ืขื•ื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ื”ื. 5. ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื: ืชื ื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ื›ืชื‘ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
ืคืขื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ืงืงืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชืฉื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืื• ื ื—ืช. ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื ืขืจืš ืกืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช: 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืžื” ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื–ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื—ืœืงื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืืจืง ืื• ืœืงื—ืช ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ืžืฆื• ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืžืŸ. ื”ื ืคื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื, ื•ืชืขื“ืคื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื•ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”. ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืžืœืื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื, ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขืฆืžื. ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืžืืกื• ืžื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืžืฆืื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืกืงืจ ื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžืคืชื— ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืžืฆื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื. ื•ื›ืš, ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขืฆืžื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
ืชืืจ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
ืžืชื•ืš ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืกืงืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•, ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ืช ืฉืœ 90% ืฉืจื” ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืชื• ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื’ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื. ื”ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ื—ื–ืง; ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื™ื.
ืฆื•ืจ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžืจ.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
ืฉื: ืืžื” ื’ื™ืœ: 31 ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืงืฆืจื”: ืืžื” ื”ื™ื ืื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขืกื•ืงื” ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืืคืช ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื‘ืกืงืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื”. ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืืคืช ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืžืคื ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžืžื ื”, ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื’ื”, ืงืจื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืืžื” ืฉืžื” ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืžืจืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื.
ื‘ื•ื ืขื ืงื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืก ื”ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ.
ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, 90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
"ื”ืกืงืจ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉ-90% ืžื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื".
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